Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspects, inclu

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable strength to shield delicate skin. This calming component has long been utilized in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective characteristics. Creating a physical shield on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful s